فصلنامه راهبرد
پیاپی 98 (بهار 1400)

The phenomenon known as the political Islam is one of the most important phenomena affecting politics, security and culture in the contemporary world. Any fate that the political Islam faces will affect the politics, government, culture and security of Islamic countries, as well as the international arena. This influence on Iran, as the most prominent example of Shiite political Islam in power, is more determinant. Various events, trends and driving forces influence the political Islam evolutions. Futuristic methods can help to understand the trends and drivers of political Islam. The main purpose of the study is to outlin the probable futures of Shiite political Islam based on Velayah in Iran. In this study, with the methods of trend analysis, two-stage Delphi and a panel of experts, an attempt was made to identify the most important trends in Shiite political Islam based on Velayah in Iran and to identify the key driving forces. The results showed that the five drivers of "Iran's influence on the West Asian region", "The growth and development of the political Islam in the Islamic world", "The efficiency of the system of Irans government", "The issue of Palestine and Israel", and "The strength of the resistance front in the region and the victory of Irans allies" have the highest consensus and importance among experts, and determine the future of Shiite political Islam in Iran. By analyzing the events, the trends and the driving forces, it seems that in the future, the republic dimension in Iran will gradually become more prominent and its regional presence will be reinforced.

The present article entitled "The Necessity of Active Resistance in the Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran" is in fact an attempt to explain and prove the necessity of continuing the principle of resistance in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. "Resistance" is an inherent element of the identity of the Islamic Revolution. This concept has been a cause and direction in the emergence of the Islamic Revolution and has played a key role in its continuation and promotion. The aim of this research is to gain an understanding of the status and degree of discourse of governments to the value and degree of adherence of governments by searching,focusing, and measuring the coordinates of the position of resistance in the value and principled concept of the Islamic Revolution Thought . It also tries to examine the reason for the importance of resistance And by studying traditional and modern threats, it is necessary to identify active resistance as a strategy. In the first part of the article, the principles and background of the necessity of a resistance-oriented view in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the foreign policy discourses of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the beginning of the revolution until now are discussed In the second part, the threats related to the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran are examined. A case study has also been conducted on the FATF as an international regime with internal consequences. It should be noted that for data collection and analysis in this study, the library method and written documents have been used.

The Withdrawal of JCOPA, with this claim that this agreement has not been able to curb Iran's regional actions and policies, was a turning point in the US regional strategy in the Middle East. The issue, which was generally pursued in various forms under the concept of "containment strategy" in previous US administrations, was pursued during the Trump era as a "strategic encirclement" under the "maximum pressure campaign." In this regard, the United States, as a securitizing actor, sought to extend its security and threatening perception of Iran's regional actions to securitizing audiences (Middle East and Europe) within "Two-level strategy". In the first level, By adopting a "negative approach" with the aim of introducing and representing the Islamic Republic of Iran as a threat to the stability and security of the region, de-legitimization and discrediting of the Iran’s region actions and position was put on the agenda. in the second level, by adopting a "positive approach", the United States has sought to provide the adequate context for its allies to engage in consensus-building and use countermeasures (ranging from sanctions, threats, coercion and negotiation) to this constructed threat. The findings show that although the United States has been relatively successful in the first level of the threatening strategy, but it has not been able to obtain the adequate support in the second level, which is required for positive actions by the threatening audience. The method of this article is descriptive-analytical and the library tools, documents, electronic resources and websites and statements of relevant authorities have been used to collect data.

The non-aligned strategy has been accepted as the main direction of Iran's foreign policy, while the performance of Iran's foreign policy is not necessarily consistent with the non-aligned strategy. Iran's foreign policy strategy can be called active resistance. Active resistance is a new approachof the non-alignment orientation based on the denial of domination and  it’s acceptance. The importance of this discussion is in providing a scientific explanation of the strategy of active resistance, because this strategy provides a more accurate explanation of the performance of Iran's foreign policy and makes decisions closer to reality. The main question of this research is what is the main strategy of Iran's foreign policy? The research hypothesis is that the main strategy of Iran's foreign policy is the strategy of active resistance, not the orientation of non-alignment. Research Method In this article, the descriptive-analytical method using documentary-library data and non-structured elite interviews.. The result of the research is to reach the idea that the main direction of Iran's foreign policy is active resistance. Active resistance is the main factor in directing Iran's foreign policy due to its conformity with the principles of the Islamic Revolution and its conformity with the environment of the West Asian region.

In the Islamic Republic of Iran, the issue of women is important due to the organization of the family and the philosophy of Shiite jurisprudence based on the priority of the presence of women in the private sphere. The question of this article is about drawing the policy-making cycle of women's affairs and the institutions in charge of designing and implementing women's affairs. In the research, the theoretical framework of system analysis with separation of components including inputs, designs, details and evaluation and feedback has been used. In order to collect information, the method of institutionalism and the output of the report of the official institutions in charge of women's issues have been used. Research results show that In addition to traditional institutions and demands, there are modern institutions and demands in Iranian society that sometimes form a zero-sum game to prioritize the political system. As a result, women's affairs policy-making in the field of design faces an incompatible and conflicting dichotomy. In the field of implementation, there is an insufficient budget and in the output, the fields of society and culture, especially in education and health, have had acceptable performance. Also, in the field of economics, there has been little growth and in politics, the weakest results have been achieved.

The use of modern marketing tools, such as neuromarketing, has expanded in recent research, and by considering the numerous investments in the use of these tools in the political elections of developed countries, this tool can play an important role in recognizing and examining voters' preferences. In addition, according to many investigations, considering thinking style of individuals can be the reliable predictor of individual’s decisions and behaviors. In this study, by using eye-tracking tool, researchers aimed to assess the impact of thinking style on visual attention of voters during observation of political advertisements published on social networks. Based on previous researches, thinking style has had great influence on visual attention of individuals. The result show that intuitive thinking style leads in paying more visual attention to the pictures in comparison with the texts as well as paying more visual attention to candidate pictures as opposed to conceptual pictures. Meanwhile, rational thinking style leads in paying more visual attention to texts in comparison with pictures as well as paying more visual attention to the conceptual pictures than the candidate pictures (F>3.5, 0.01<p-value<0.05).